Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica on the reproductive organs in male mice.

Effect of oral administration (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of aqucous leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) on the male reproductive organs of the Parkes (P) strain mice was investigated. The treatment had no effect on body weight and the reproductive organs weight. In treated mice, testes showed both normal and affected seminiferous tubules in the same sections; the affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, marginal condensation of chromatin in round spermatids, occurrence of giant cells, mixing of germ cell types in stages of spermatogenesis and degenerated appearance of germ cells. In severe cases, the tubules were lined with Sertoli cells only, Sertoli cells and rare germ cells, or with Sertoli cells and several germ cells but without cellular association patterns. Also, the frequency of affected seminiferous tubules in testes of the extract-treated mice was significantly higher than the controls, though this remained unaffected in mice treated at 50 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Doses at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight of neem leaf extract did not cause appreciable alterations in histological appearance of the epididymis, while a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused marked alterations both in histological appearance and the level of sialic acid in the duct. The treatment also had adverse effects on motility, morphology, and number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis, level of fructose in the seminal vesicle, and on litter size. After 42 days of withdrawal of the treatment, the alterations induced in the reproductive organs recovered to control levels. Our results suggested that treatment with neem leaf extract caused reversible alterations in the male reproductive organs of P mice.

effect of camphor on the male mice reproductive system

In Iranian traditional medicine there is a belief that camphor is a suppressor of sexual activity. Based on this idea and since there are few studies on this issue, we evaluated the effect of camphor on histopathological changes of reproductive system in young male mice of balb/c racial type. Thirty-six premature male balb/c mice, were divided into 3 paired groups of experimental, control, and sham [n=6]. Experimental groups 1 and 2 received 30 mg/kg camphor dissolved in olive oil [orally] for 10 and 20 days, respectively. The control groups received the same volume of olive oil during the same periods of time, and no intervention was done in sham groups. All groups were kept in the same environmental condition. At the end of exposure time, each group was anesthetized and their testes were removed for obtaining serial sections, and histological staining. Comparing to the control groups less vascularization in testis tissue of experimental groups was seen. Furthermore, using stereological methods demonstrated that internal diameters of seminiferous tubules in experimental groups were significantly smaller than those in control groups [P<0.005]. Also, the number of released sexual cells was lower in experimental groups [P<0.005]. No meaningful difference was seen between controls and sham groups. Administration of camphor and its effects on male mice reproductive system may result in significant structural changes, including vascularization and proliferation of sexual cells. This can affect maturation of seminiferous tubules and subsequently, reproductive function of testes in mice

Effect of oral estriol on urogenital symptoms, vaginal cytology, and plasma hormone level in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oral estriol on urogenital symptoms, vaginal cytology, and plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol level in postmenopausal women with urogenital symptoms. METHOD: Twenty-eight postmenopausal women with urogenital symptoms who volunteered to participate in this study received 2 mg of oral estriol daily for 12 weeks. The urogenital symptoms, vaginal cytology, and plasma hormone level before and after treatment were analysed using paired t-test. RESULTS: The genital and urological symptoms improved (P < 0.05) after treatment in all subjects. The vaginal cytology showed estrogenic effect on the karyopyknotic index and maturation value. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher level of plasma estradiol after 12 weeks of treatment. However, the difference of plasma FSH level before and after treatment was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The daily oral estriol had a positive effect on the urogenital symptoms and vaginal cytology. The plasma estradiol increased after 12 weeks of treatment but the plasma FSH did not change.

El impacto del tabaquismo sobre el riñón y el aparato genitourinario / The impact of smoking on the kidney and genitourinary system

El tabaquismo tiene múltiples efectos sobre el aparato genitourinario. El más conocido es su efecto carcinogénico, pues es una causa importante de cáncer de riñón, vejiga, pelvis renal y ureteros. Los agentes causales son las aminas aromáticas del tabaco, y parece existir una susceptibilidad variable a estas sustancias que depende del genotipo de cada persona. En el sexo masculino el tabaquismo se ha relacionado con la impotencia sexual, infertilidad, desbalances hormonales y teratogenicidad. También se han observado alteraciones en el control del balance de agua, así como un mayor deterioro de algunos padecimientos glomerulares

Andrological responses to prolonged administration of oxytetracycline and metronidazole with reference to the serum testosterone level in rats

In this study, the effect of daily administration of oxytetracycline Hcl [2 mg100 gm. b. wt. i.m] or metronidazole [15 mg/100 gm. b. wt. orally] for 60 successive days on fertility of male rats was investigated. Histological changes of male sex organs were analysed. These drugs insignificantly decreased epididymal sperm cell concentration compared with the control. Non significant changes were observed in the rate of sperm motility and head abnormalities. Oxytetracycline or mertonidazole had no significant effects on the weight of testes, epididymes and accessory sex organs. These drugs induced insignificant changes in serum testosterone level of treated rats